The Merck Group Website
The Merck Group Website

Infertility

Understanding Fertility
In order to achieve pregnancy, a normal egg and a normal spermatazoa need to meet and combine to produce an embryo, which must develop in the uterus with appropriate hormonal support.
The menstrual cycle is the process by which an egg (oocyte) matures and is liberated every month in preparation for fertilisation. It is controlled by an elaborate system involving the gonadotropins FSH and LH as well as ovarian hormones, and consists of 2 phases:
  • Follicular phase: usually 14 days leading up to ovulation (release of the egg)
  • Luteal phase: after ovulation has taken place
The gonadotropins are hormones that primarily affect the ovaries and the testes. They regulate the development and hormone-secreting functions of these organs and contribute to the production of sperm in the male and to the development and maturation of eggs (oocytes) in the female.
Three gonadotropins are essential to reproduction:
  • human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH)
  • human luteinizing hormone (hLH)
  • human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
FSH and LH are secreted by the pituitary gland situated beneath the brain. Their secretion is controlled by another hormone, the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) produced by the hypothalamus. hCG is primarily produced by the placenta following successful implantation, and plays a role in maintaining pregnancy.
Useful contacts
The following support groups and organisations may be able to offer you further information and advice. Ask your doctor or nurse about local services too.
British Fertility Society
www.fertility.org.uk
Infertility Network UK
www.infertilitynetworkuk.com
 
 
Disclaimer

The information contained in these pages is intended for general reference only. It should not be used to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any condition without the advice of a qualified medical professional, and does not replace medical advice or a medical examination. Infertility should be diagnosed by a specialist in that field. Before starting any treatment a physician needs to be consulted.

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